In contrast, those low in SPS pay less attention to subtle stimuli, approach novel situations more quickly, are less emotionally reactive, and behave with less reference to past experiences.Īt least two brain imaging studies have examined the attentional and perceptual aspect of SPS in humans, using the HSP scale as a measure of SPS. This combination supports a tendency to process stimuli more elaborately and learn from the information gained, which may be useful in the present moment and when applied to future situations. 2012), show heightened awareness of and attention to subtle stimuli, and appear to be more reactive to both positive and negative stimuli (Jagiellowicz 2012). Humans characterized as high SPS (or HSP) are likely to “pause to check” in novel situations (Aron and Aron 1997 Aron et al. In addition to potential costs, those with the sensitive survival strategy will always be in a minority as it would cease to yield special payoffs if it were found in a majority (Wolf et al. This survival strategy is effective as long as the benefits of increased sensitivity outweigh the costs (such as increased cognitive and metabolic demand). By being more responsive to their environments, these more sensitive organisms have an enhanced awareness of opportunities (e.g., food, mates, and alliances) and threats (e.g., predators, loss of status, competitors), and thus may be more ready to respond to emerging situations.
Sensory processing sensitivity is thought to be one of two strategies that evolved for promoting survival of the species (Aron and Aron 1997 Wolf et al. 2008)-has been observed in over 100 nonhuman species including pumpkinseed sunfish (Wilson et al.
A functionally similar trait-termed responsivity, plasticity, or flexibility (Wolf et al. Originally measured in human adults by the Highly Sensitive Person (HSP) scale (Aron and Aron 1997), SPS is becoming increasingly associated with identifiable genes, behavior, physiological reactions, and patterns of brain activation (Aron et al. Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is proposed to be an innate trait associated with greater sensitivity (or responsivity) to environmental and social stimuli (e.g., Aron et al.
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